Soil Moisture Changes after Land Abandonment in the Central Spanish Pyrenees

نویسندگان

  • MARÍA PAZ ERREA
  • TEODORO LASANTA
  • LUIS ORTIGOSA
  • María Paz Errea
  • Teodoro Lasanta
  • Luis Ortigosa
  • Artemi Cerdá
چکیده

The European mountainous areas, such as the Pyrenees, have suffered important land use changes since the beginning of the XX century. These changes affect the plant cover recovery process and then the runoff and sediment production. Soil moisture can be a key factor in the evolution of the abandoned land. It determines the vegetation recovery, runoff generation, sediment detachment and soil development through runoff and infiltration processes. This paper aims to study the influence of land-use and seasonality on soil moisture. Measurements were carried out weekly during 1997 and 1998 by means of the Time Domain Reflectrometry method. The selected land-uses were: Cereal (fertilised and with artica management), Fallow, Meadow, Abandoned (after fertilised cereal and artica management), Burnt (two plots under different post-fire recovery conditions), and the Control plot, which is a dense Scrubland. The results show that land-use is a key factor in the seasonal and spa tial variability of soil moisture. The scrubland, meadow and fallow plots showed always a higher water content (> 30 % of soil moisture mean annual value), meanwhile the abandoned land stored less water (23 %). Burnt, artica and cereal plots had intermediate values. Seasonally, sum mer used to be the driest period as year 1998 confirmed. Nevertheless the year 1997 was extremely wet during summer due to the high rainfall values. Soil moisture was always higher than 10 %, even during the driest periods. Previous weekly rainfall and antecedent soil moisture explain 80 % of the variability. No relationship was found between the soil moisture changes and the variability amongst plots throughout the studied period. RESUMEN: Las montañas europeas, como los Pirineos, han experi mentado importantes cambios de uso del suelo desde principios del siglo XX. Tales cambios afectan a los procesos de colonización vegetal y, por lo tanto, a la escorrentía y la producción de sedimento. La humedad del suelo María Paz Errea, Teodoro Lasanta, Luis Ortigosa & Artemi Cerdá 48 es un factor clave en la evolución de las tierras abandonadas, pues deter mina la cubierta vegetal, la generación de escorrentía, el arranque de par tículas y la evolución del suelo a través de los procesos de escorrentía e infiltración. Este trabajo estudia la influencia del uso del suelo y la estacionalidad sobre la humedad del suelo. Se tomaron medidas semanalmente durante 1997 y 1998 con el método TDR. Los usos del suelo seleccionados fueron: C e real (fertilizado y en agricultura nómada), Barbecho, Prado, Abandonado (después de cereal fertilizado y de agricultura nómada). Matorral quemado (dos parcelas con diferente cubierta vegetal posterior al incendio) y Parcela Control, con una densa cubierta de matorral. Los resultados muestran que el uso del suelo es un factor clave en la variabilidad estacional y espacial de la humedad del suelo. Las parcelas de matorral, prado y barbecho tuvieron siempre un mayor contenido en agua (>30% de humedad del suelo como valor medio anual), mientras que la parcela abandonada almacenaba menos agua (23%). La parcela que mada, la agricultura nómada y el cereal tuvieron valores intermedios. Estacionalmente, el verano fue el periodo más seco durante 1998, mien tras que el año 1997 fue extremadamente húmedo en verano. La humedad del suelo fue siempre superior al 10% incluso durante los periodos más secos. La lluvia de la semana precedente y la humedad antecedente del suelo explican el 80% de la variabilidad. No se han encontrado relaciones entre los cambios en la humedad del suelo y la variabilidad entre parcelas durante el periodo de estudio. Palabras clave: Humedad del suelo, Usos del suelo, Abandono de tierras, Prados, Agricultura nómada, Matorral, Pirineo Central español. Key-words: Soil humidity, Land-uses, Farmland abandonment, Meadows, Shifting agriculture, Shrubland, Central Spanish Pyrenees.

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تاریخ انتشار 2003